Computer Network Architecture
Part I - Conceptual and Philosophical Aspects
- An overview of the area of network and current and future prospects
- An introduction to the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model
- The Layer Design Principles for data communication
- The Layer and Interface Definitions
- The definition of Entity and its relationship with layers
- Defining the interaction of layers: The Service Access Point (SAP)
- Service concepts and its relationship for Layers, Entities and SAPs
- Conneciton and Connectionless Oriented Services
- Connection types: Circuit switched and Packet switched communications
- Services, Layers and the Temporal Ordering Diagram
- Services and the communication's primitives
- A small revision of Finite State Machine (FSM)
- The formal definition of Protocol
- An introduction to the Forward and Backward Error Control
- An introduction to the Flow Control
- Loss of primitive and primitive timeout
- Numbering, reordering and duplication of primitives: The concept of Credit.
- Modeling of the window: the sliding window
Part II - Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model
- Physical Layer (Phy)
- Introduction to the glossary of terms: connectors, cables, topology, backbone
- Example of Electrical aspects
- Functionalities
- Concepts of Topology and the Physcal Network
- Hardware Specifications and the features of Code/Decode
- Manchester encoding / NRZ / NRZI
- Introduction to the Modulation Techniques
- TDM (Time Division Multiplexing),
- FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)
- AM (Amplitude Modulation)
- FM (Frequency Modulation)
- The concept of Filters: Cut-off frequency and gain
- Wireless Communications
- The definition of Communication Channel
- Analogue and digital communications: an overview of PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)
- Noise (Signal Noise Relationship)
- The law of Shannon
- Physical medium
- Twisted Pair (TP)
- Unshielded Twiested Pair (UTP or simply TP)
- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
- An introduction to the EIA TIA 568 standard
- The TP connectors
- TP applications
- Optical Fiber
- An overview of wave length
- An overview of the optical fiber structure
- Single Mode Fiber (SMF)
- Multi Mode Fiber (MMF)
- The optical fiber connectors
- Optical fiber applications
- Coaxial Cables
- An overview of the coaxial cable structure
- Thin cable
- Thick cable
- The coaxial cable connectors: BNC and Vampire connector
- Coaxial cable applications
- Link Layer (L)
- Introduction to the Link layer architecture
- Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer
- Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer
- Reference Architecture for the MAC sublayer
- The physical layer interface
- The concept of flags
- Bit or Character stuffing.
- Concepts of Link Address: unicast, multicast and broadcast
- Introduction to the medium access disciplines
- Random Access Control
- Aloha network
- Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
- CSMA Persistent
- CSMA Non-persistent
- Collision Detection (CD)
- Collision Avoidance (CA)
- Deterministic Access Control (Real time)
- Distributed (Token based)
- Token Passing
- Timed Token
- Centralized (Bus Arbitrator)
- Deadline Monotonic (Static DM)
- Earliest Deadline First (Dynamic EDF)
- Point to Point Access Control
- MAC performance comparison
- Introduction to the logical link disciplines
- LLC Operating Modes
- LLC Mode 1: Connectionless Oriented Link Services
- LLC Mode 2: Connection Oriented Link Services
- LLC Mode 3: Connectionless Services with Acknowledgment
- Review of MTU calculation
- LLC Addressing
- LLC capabilities
- Network Elements for Local Area Networks (LAN)
- Repeater: Architectural Aspects, Capabilities and Limitations
- Bridge: Architectural Aspects, Capabilities and Limitations
- HUB: Architectural Aspects, Capabilities and Limitations
- Switch: Architectural Aspects, Capabilities and Limitations
- LAN, MAN, WAN and Fieldbus
- Network Layer (N)
- Introduction to the Network layer architecture
- Subnetwork Access (SNAC) sublayer
- Subnetwork Dependent Convergence (SNDC) sublayer
- Subnetwork Independent Convergence (SNIC) sublayer
- The roles of network equipments: DTE, DCE, DSE, CPE and BGC
- Horizontal and hierarchical network addressing
- Architectural Overview of a Router
- Ports, Queues and Physical links
- Introduction to the Routing in communication's networks
- The network as a graph
- Route Definition
- Routing algorithms: Link State and Distance Vector
- Network routing Protocols, Variables and Routing tables
- Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Family
- Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) Family
- Static versus Dynamic routing
- Examples of Routing Protocols
- RIP - Routing Information Protocol
- OSPF - Open Shortest Path First
- BGP - Border Gateway Protocol
- Network Services
- Network Expedited Services
- Review of Error Control for Network Services
- Review of Flow Control for Network Services
- Algorithm for Fragmentation and Remouting of Packets
- ConnectionLess Network Services (CLNS)
- Connection Oriented Network Services (CONS)
- Transport Layer (T)
- The origin of Client-Server Model
- The End-to-End Communication and the Virtual Circuit
- Relationship between TSAPs and CEP (Connection End Points)
- Capabilities of the Transport layer
- Three-way handshake: philosofy and connection
- Quality of Service (QoS) in the OSI Reference Model
- Transport Services
- Review of Error Control for Transport Services
- Review of Flow Control for Transport Services
- Algorithm for Segmentation and Remouting of Segments
- Transport Expedited Services
- Multiplexing
- Spliting
- Transport Classes of Services
- Class 0: Basic Services
- Class 1: Basic Error Detection Services
- Class 2: Multiplexing Services
- Class 3: Error Detection and Multiplexing
- Class 4: Error Recovery and Multiplexing
- Comparative table of Transport services
- Examples of Transport Protocols
- UDP - User Datagram Protocol
- TCP - Transport Control Protocol
- SCTP - Stream Control Transport Protocol
- Session Layer (S)
- Session layer concepts
- Connection resources
- Dialog unit
- Activities
- Synchronization points
- Session Services
- Context management
- Synchronization services
- Typed Data
- Expedited Services
- Reliable and Unreliable Data Services
- Event notification
- Session context versus Transport connections
- Example of Session Protocol: ISO IS-7498
- Presentation Layer (P)
- Presentation layer escope
- Presentation Address
- Abstract syntax versus Transfer Syntax
- Binary representation (Transfer) of data types (Abstract)
- Nummeric data types: Little Endian versus Big Endian
- Character strings: ASCII, EBCDIC, etc.
- Data type alignement
- The definition of Presentation Context
- Examples: BER (Basic Encoding Rules) and ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One)
- Abstract syntax
- ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One)
- XML (eXtended Markup Language)
- XDR (eXternal Data Representation)
- Transfer Syntax
- BER (Basic Encodign Rules)
- Application Layer (A)
- Object based design
- The Application Association (AA) definition
- Functionalities based on a set of protocols
- The Application Service Element (ASE)
- The relationship between ASEs and Protocols
- The Definition of Single Association Object (SAO)
- The set of ASEs
- The Single Association Control Function (SACF)
- A supporting Application Association (AA)
- Presentation Service Access Point (PSAP)
- The Application Entity Definition (AE)
- The set of Single Association Objects (SAO)
- The Multiple Association Control Function (MACF)
- The Presentation Address definition (List of PSAPs)
- Application layer architecture
- Application Process
- Executive Function (for example, the operating system)
- Application Entity
- Multiple Association Control Function (MACF)
- Single Association Object (SAO)
- Application Service Element (ASE)
- Presentation Address
- Application Association
- International Standard: ISO IS 9545
- Examples
- Common Application Service Elements (CASE)
- Association Control Service Element (ACSE)
- Remote Operation Service Element (ROSE)
- Concurrency, Commitment and Recovery (CCR)
- Reliable Transfer Service Element (RTSE)
- Specific Applicaton Service Elements (SASE)
- File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM)
- Message Handling System (MHS)
- Virtual Terminal (VT)
- Job Transfer and Management (JTM)
- Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS)
Part III - The Internet Architecutre Overview
- An overview of the area of network and current and future prospects
- Internetworking Layer
- Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- Internet Protocol (IP)
- IP Routing
- Routing Protocols
- Transport Layer
- Socket: The Abstract Interface
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- A look on important Internet Applications